The Impressionism and Expressionism of J.M.W. Turner

J.M.W. Turner - Norham Castle, Sunrise - c. 1835-40 - Oil on canvas 35 3/4 x 48 in. (78 x 122 cm) - Clore Gallery for the Turner Collection, London (click photo for larger image)English Romantic painter Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) is lauded by many art historians as the greatest landscape painter of the 19th century. Although brought up in the academic traditions of the 18th century, he became a pioneer in the study of light, color, and atmosphere. His technical approach to painting anticipated both the French Impressionists--and the modern Expressionist movements. Although Turner’s works went out of favor with the purchasing public in the earlier 19th century, a new appreciation for his abstractions, innovations and technical skills have emerged--and he is regarded today as one of the most gifted landscapists of all time.